Sir Arthur Conan Doyle :: Biographies Bio Biography

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was something beyond a creator. He was a knight, an officer, a mystic, a whaler, a specialist, a columnist, and a large portion of all, he was an explorer. He was not the peaceful kind of individual, and he altogether appreciated communicating. Arthur Conan Doyle was conceived on the 22nd of May 1859 in Picardy Place, Edinburgh. The second offspring of Charles Altamont and Mary Foley, he was thought to have been named after the incredible medieval ruler, Arthur of the Round Table. Doyle was additionally named after his granduncle, Michael Edward Conan. He was of Irish plunge, what's more, was of the Roman Catholic religion. Doyle had a granddad, John Doyle. He was political visual artist who monetarily upheld the family. Doyle had a quite harsh home life since his dad was a drunkard. As he grew up, Doyle needed to take a greater amount of the obligations around the house into his own hands, since his dad was either excessively wiped out or flushed to satisfy his day by day work at home. Doyle's mom, Mary Foley, was a homemaker who dealt with her child Arthur and his siblings and sisters, and furthermore worked and cleaned the house regular. Doyle's initial instruction began when he was around seven years of age. His mom invested heaps of energy perusing with him and coaching him, since this is the thing that she thought he expected to turn into a refined honorable man. When Doyle was ten years of age he ventured out from home and went to the Jesuit Preparatory school named Hodder House. This was a live-in school for little fellows. Arthur detested this school. Doyle once expressed that Hodder House was somewhat more wonderful than being limited in a jail. While going to Hodder House, he contemplated science, verse, geometry, number-crunching, and language structure. After his encounters at Jesuit Preparatory school, he left and applied for Stonyhurst Foundation. Doyle was acknowledged for enlistment into Stonyhurst and stayed there for around five additional years. While at Stonyhurst, Doyle, who exceeded expectations in cricket, exhibited some early indications of scholarly ability. At the institute, he turned out to be very acceptable at recounting stories and perusing so anyone might hear. His preferred youth essayist was Mayne Reid, who composed The Scalp Hunters. This was his preferred book while he was advancing through life. During his last year before going to clinical school, Doyle went to Feldkirch, a school in Austria. While going to Feldkirch, he started to scrutinize his confidence in the Roman Catholic religion.

The Politics Of The Reproducibility Cultural Studies Essay

The Politics Of The Reproducibility Cultural Studies Essay Reproducibility is the capacity of something to be precisely recreated or repeated by another individual working autonomously. It identifies with the understanding of the outcomes with various administrators utilizing various instruments at an alternate area. The outcomes are constantly detailed as a standard deviation from the first arrangement. In Benjamin gems, reproducibility is a procedure that happens gradually and may take quite a while. Benjamin examines the reproducibility in the show-stoppers and the whole universe of photography and film. It is about the advanced age and its consequences for crafted by expressions. How workmanship has been changed by the view of the people through time. Reproducibility changes the first bit of workmanship through the difference in the creativity or air of the masterful picture, the genuine message put across and the clique estimation of the first craftsmanship. The propagation of bits of craftsmanship causes an all out change in the view o f the workmanship and can send an all out various significance to the eyewitness. Reproducibility is an unavoidable procedure that happens after some time and it serves to get a great deal of progress the significance of craftsmanship. It eclipses the ideas of inventiveness and imagination of craftsmanship. It can hence be said that reproducibility is one major foe to the universe of workmanship and the awesome ability prerequisite to be imaginative. A glance at the photography of today, there is such a great amount of reproducibility of photos of different places and highlights that the genuine picture or the first thing can't be characterized. It is difficult to tell any longer if the things in photos are truly as spoken to. Photography can be said to forget about a great deal of subtleties of the first thing. For instance subtleties, for example, the separation, vegetation and the shading are totally mutilated. With the advances in innovation photos can be utilized to speak to a picture of a specific thing simply like in an artistic creation. This additionally forgets about a great deal the innovation of the picture showed. For instance the photos of the mountain like the Alps expel the idea of reality. As indicated by (Blunden ii), even the absolute best bits of craftsmanship that are recreated are deficient in the component of reality. The innovation of the advanced occasions in photography renders crafted by craftsmanship unclean. While a few pictures will need to depict the mountains to have tops that are marginally steep and have green vegetation others show total distinctive symbolism of steep looks and no vegetation. This innovation of photography renders the masterpieces tainted and changes the first types of the craftsmanship. Photography can be said to make crafted by craftsmanship free the atmosphere or the validness through the mechanical creation. While the photo of the mountain will speak to a picture of another picture, a composition will be the first mountain. Compositions would catch the focus and consideration of the watcher not at all like photography. The canvases would be intriguing and welcoming to the spectator. The faction esteem that would have been in a painting is supplanted by the show an incentive in photography. The religion esteem doesn't vanish out of nowhere yet in a shadowy way. The clique esteem is as yet spoken to in photography however in a far off way on the grounds that simply like the pictures, photography is likewise implied as capacity of recollections. Photography as a substitution of painting draws out a removed political centrality through the making of recollections. The pictures of photography additionally draw out a totally different side of the first. The photos are intended to catch what the first individual and the picture taker need to depict to the watcher; in this way the first thing isn't what the watcher sees however the watcher is exposed to an entirely unexpected idea. Photography has prompted the move between the first, bona fide estimation of what the watcher is exposed to, to a progressively current method of view. The artistic creations showed the first perspective on the things with a similar shading, inventiveness and legitimacy were likewise especially a piece of the compositions, however with photography a large portion of these viewpoints are lost in the innovation part. Photography esteems the presentation esteem more than the clique esteem. The photos don't inspire the free thought that an artwork will. The two of them depict the past occasions yet artistic creations have the free streaming thought and focus in the watcher contrasted with a photo that will convey less of such worth. Photography is a propagation of the works of art and hence neglects to accomplish the first premise of artworks. The photos shape the first political significance of compositions through arbitrariness stockpiling. Dissimilar to the authentic occasions when th e artistic creations were finished by explicit events or elements, photography is done at a specific time with little thought to reasons. Photography likewise presents an interruption with blended thoughts and presents the impression of evasion of troublesome assignments. The gems will by and large catch the most troublesome of assignments and will focus on the introduction of the most significant variables of a thing. Workmanship can unite the majority; it acts to assemble the individuals through standing out enough to be noticed to a specific thing. Photography then again falls beneath these discernments and consistently takes the simplest method of imaginative portrayal. The photos will in general present an interruption rather than a force and these shows that the ace of the workmanship is simply yet a propensity than actually the innovativeness and ability in it. The general population is in this way made as an onlooker however just missing mindedly without the best possible fixation that the centerpieces anticipates. The thought is to catch and fulfill the human intrigue which could basically be the expulsion of the uncommon capacity from the field of view. The pictures of photography in this manner forget about a great deal of the significant subtleties of workmanship meaning the idea of reproducibility prompts the contortion of the first idea. The mechanical change noted in the photography implies that the propagation of the masterpieces prompts the adjustment in the technique for presentation. Photos just change the response of people in general to show-stoppers and change the impression of the centerpieces. It gives the majority a choice of pundits. The recorded work of expressions like the artworks and the pictures were effortlessly acknowledged by the majority however the photography innovation of the present day has been confronted with a great deal of pundits. For instance in Blunden exposition, he says that the nineteenth century questions to whether photography is a show-stopper, (section 7). This shows there is question in individuals at the real estimation of photography in examination with workmanship. Photography neglects to make the unpretentious impact in the watchers that a basic representation would. Then again, this mechanical creation of the centerpieces will undoubtedly change the open response to the sp ecific bit of workmanship, (section 12). It can accordingly be presumed that the impacts of multiplication are unfavorable to crafted by expressions. It is very grievous that reproducibility is inescapable particularly with the new advancements that come day by day with the cutting edge world. The innovation will undoubtedly change the centerpieces and bring an alternate portrayal of craftsmanship. The political importance shifts with each new prologue to the first bit of craftsmanship. The gems existence idea are completely changed in a similar way. s

How Do You Spell Horderves

How Do You Spell Horderves The reason youre likely here reading this article is you need to know the spelling of horderves and not knowing it, you simply sounded it out. While the word may sound like horderves, this is not the correct spelling. The correct spelling of horderves is hors doeuvres. Of course, its not always necessary to know how to spell the foods you serve. Nobody is going to know you dont know how to spell the word correctly when you say horderves as you place out appetizers. On the other hand, if youre writing an article and happen to want to talk about the appetizers you served using the cuisine word, it becomes a little more important to know the correct spelling. Borrowing from the French If you go into the origins of common words, youll discover that borrowing from the French is not that unusual: cuisine is basically French for cooking. Hors doeuvres is another word we have borrowed from the French. Directly translated, hors means except and oeuvres means works. This may not initially seem too helpful, but if you assume that the main course is the works, and you interpret hors as meaning outside, the phrase basically means outside the main course. Now you know something that most English-speaking people never stop to think about. Is it useful? Possibly. Youre now in the position to give any dinner guests you may have over this little gem of information. What probably wont make the grade as dinner table conversation is all the common misspellings for the word, but now that you know how its spelled, youll be able to see them everywhere. Some get the hors bit right as well as the d and its apostrophe, but then they spoil it by spelling the last bit as oueveres for hors doueveres. Youll be amazed at the number of permutations. Perhaps one day, well adopt the word into the English language by changing the spelling to one that makes more sense to us, in which case, itll likely become horderves or orderves. Taking It to the Next Level Aside from the many dishes that can make up starters or hors doeuvres, you also get two ways of serving hors doeuvres. You can place the dishes on the table and let everyone help themselves, or you can have somebody pass the dish around allowing guests to select what they want to eat. Now you can make the distinction between table hors doeuvres and butler-style or butlered hors doeuvres. Not Quite the Same as Hors DOeuvres Now that you know how to use this chic French word to describe starters, you need to be careful that you dont get muddled up and use it in the wrong place. It will spoil the great impression youll make by knowing how to spell the word, how to serve them and what the French words actually mean. Canapes are not hors doeuvres. Instead of being foods you use to start off a meal, theyre savory finger-snacks that are served at cocktail hour. Antipasto is also not the same as hors doeuvres. Although it consists of a range of dishes served before a meal, the style will be Italian, and antipasto is always served at the table. You can still call it a starter, and if you want to use French, you could call it an entree. A smorgasbord is also not the same as hors doeuvres. Like antipasto, it is served before the meal and consists of foods that are related to the Scandinavian culture from which the word has been borrowed. You can now go forth and charm your dinner guests. You now not only know how to spell hors doeuvres, but how to serve them, what they are, and what they are not. Your culinary education may not be complete, but youre off to a good start. At least youll never have to eat your words. (Photo courtesy of Richard Munckton)

In The Case Of Play, There Has Being A Long Time, Been

In the case of play, there has being a long time, been misunderstood as the opposite of work or something not serious. Actually, using play to mentor children does not mean the curriculum is not professional and beneficial. In contrast, it means cherishing children and respecting the nature of learning at their age. In fact, play is essential for children’s development and for their learning life skills. Pramling Fleer (2009) suggests that there is no standard definition for play, it is more like an attitude of mind, play could be viewed in its broadest sense as describing almost all the activities that young children engage in. In this essay, I briefly describe the value of play and how play relates to children’s learning and†¦show more content†¦For example, when a child is adding water to the sand while making sandcastles, he is practicing what he has previously learned about buildings as well as constructed new knowledge about the properties of the sand th rough his play. Emotional Development Bruner (1996) views children as active problem-solvers who are ready to explore difficult subjects and who are learning from birth. It is stated (Emslie Mesle, 2009) that children need to feel the joy of success, because if a child keep thwarted, he may have the sense of inferiority and timidity when confronted with new activities or tasks, which results in the lack of learning motivation and capacity. Every child has his own personality, interests and strengths, when children are playing, they can play the role that they are good at to get a sense of fulfillment. For example, in role play, a girl can play the role of mother and take care of baby dolls to feel â€Å"needed†. It is also important for teachers to understand each of the children and organize different activities so that everyone have the chance to show their fortes. Getting time to explore the world around them, so that through repetition and success children develop the confidence to try more complex activiti es, they can establish a virtuous cycle. When children feel safe, they will feel capable to meet challenges more effectively.Show MoreRelatedThe Financial Fair Play ( Ffp )1601 Words   |  7 PagesFootball has seen itself undergoing a paradigm shift in the past decades. As European football grew into the gigantic monolith it is today, an inflow of money found its way into the coffers of the Union des Associations Europà ©ennes de Football (UEFA). The Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations were initiated in principle to create a level playing field between clubs owned by business tycoons and those who are a bit more moderate in comparison. 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The most famous of his visits was to Elizabeth Sawyer, who was suspected of being a witch. ‘His pamphlet on the Sawyer case included the confession he had elicited from the condemned witch while preparing her spiritually for execution’. Before sixteenth century, the ability to read and write was low. But during the century there was growth in educationRead MoreFootball is Dangerous?1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Cristal Nunez English 125 March 7th, 2014 Professor Larsen Football Head Football is an all American sport that has led to the downfall of many great athletes who have suffered from the sport in a psychological and physical manner. Football is a dangerous sport that is only played by one country, the U.S.A. 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The effects of obtaining or playing with a concussion may not be recognized early on but rather over time. The control disease center reported that that reported concussions have double in the last 10 years. According to the academy of pediatrics â€Å"emergency roomRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Arthritis Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagesarthritis is one of the big costs that the aged continue to pay. The disease turns chronic with progressive inflammation of the synovial lining of peripheral joints. It is characterized by symmetric, chronic and deformi ng polyarthritis that results in long term joint disability especially in the aged. Arthritis â€Å"Arthro† meaning a joint and â€Å"It is† meaning inflammation becomes Arthritis which remains one of the most common disease in the developed world and manifests itself in three forms of arthritis;

Correlations between Creativity and Mental Illness Essay

Several scientific studies have demonstrated correlations between creativity and mental illness, including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Even though the association between bipolar disorder and creativity first appeared in literature in the 1970s, the idea of a link between madness and genius is actually much older. It goes back at least to the time of Aristotle and the Ancient Greeks, when it was believed that creativity came from the gods, and in particular the Muses, the mythical personifications of the arts and sciences. More recently, the idea of a complete work of art emerging without conscious thought or effort was supported in the Romantic era. beliefs on the creative inspiration of the artist†¦show more content†¦The capacity to be creative, to produce new concepts, ideas, inventions, objects or art, is perhaps the most important attribute of the human brain. We know very little, however, about the nature of creativity or its neural basis. Some important ques tions include: how should we define creativity? How is it related (or unrelated) to high intelligence? What psychological processes or environmental circumstance cause creative insights to occur? How is it related to conscious and unconscious processes? What is happening at the neural level during moments of creativity? How is it related to health or illness, and especially mental illness? The first step in studying creativity is to define what it is. One of the first issues that must be addressed is the relationship between creativity and high intelligence. Since the same word, genius, is often used to refer to people who are highly creative and also to people who are highly intelligent, a common assumption is that creativity and high intelligence are the same thing. This, however, is a misconception. The ability to express and control our own emotions is important, but so is our ability to understand, interpret, and respond to the emotions of others. 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The issue of whether great mental abilities, whether it’s creativity in crafts such asRead MoreThe Genius And Mental Illness1332 Words   |  6 Pages Artistic Genius and Mental Illness The path from mental illness to creative genius in many artists and writers has long been a topic of research and discussion. Researchers believe they are now gaining new clues about the mysterious link between highly creative individuals and mental disorders, most commonly manic depression. The National Institute on Mental Health estimates that manic depression, also called bipolar disorder, affects about 2 million Americans. 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Eldred’s article â€Å"Why Are Musicians More Prone to Suicide?† she looks at a theory proposed by Steve Stack, a suicidal researcher, and ChristineRead MoreAnxiety And Other Mood Disorders1460 Words   |  6 Pagesfluctuations between both depressive and manic episodes, or lows and highs. I am also going to include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in our mood disorder category because there are â€Å"lifetime diagnoses of anxiety and depression that show extensive comorbidity†, or in more simple terms, there is a high chance that someo ne who has anxiety will also have depression and vice versa (Mineka, 1998, p.382). Now that we know what mood disorders are we can look at their relationship with art and creativity. ThereRead MoreMood Disorders : Their Influence And Portrayal Of Art1466 Words   |  6 Pagesfluctuations between both depressive and manic episodes, or lows and highs. I am also going to include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in our mood disorder category because there are many diagnoses of depression and anxiety that show extensive comorbidity, or in more simple terms, there is a high chance that someone who has anxiety will also have depression and vice versa (Mineka, 1998, p.382). Now that we know what mood disorders are we can look at their relationship with art and creativity. ThereRead MoreA Brilliant Madness about John Forbes Nash Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"To some extent insanity is a form of conformity; people are always selling the idea that people who have mental illness are suffering. But it’s really not so simple†¦I think mental illness or madness can be an escape also† (qtd. in â€Å"John Forbes Nash†). To many â€Å"normal† people, the terms â€Å"insanity† or â€Å"madness† portray a negative connotation-- the unfortunate ones â€Å"suffer† from mental illness. However, brilliant mathematician and Nobel laureate John Forbes Nash, who has paranoid schizophrenia, cherishesRead MoreThe Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder, Annotated Bibliography854 Words   |  4 PagesTHE LINK BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND BIPOLAR DISORDER The Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder Creativity is related with bipolar disorder is a popular assumption. The fact that many creative people, including Van Gogh, Ernest Hemingway, Leo Tolstoy, and Sylvia Plath, suffered from some kind of mental disorders triggers that idea. Psychologists have been interested in this contingent link for decades. In this paper, after defining both terms, I examine three articles that report

The On The Buddhas Enlightenment - 1609 Words

After the Buddha’s Enlightenment, he sought out his disciples to share his recently attained knowledge, mainly of the Dharma. The Dharma is a collection of teachings and doctrines which the Buddha realized while under the Bodhi tree, one of these including the Four Arya Realities (eBook 43). These realities comprise of the assertions that life is suffering, suffering is caused by craving, suffering can have an end, and there is a path which leads to the end of suffering. The first Arya Reality is the Truth of Suffering which is a general idea for the multiple meanings derived from the context of the term duá ¸ ¥kha. Buddhists classify suffering into three sub-categories which namely are duá ¸ ¥kha-duá ¸ ¥kha, vipariá ¹â€¡Ã„ ma-duá ¸ ¥kha, and saá ¹Æ'skÄ ra- duá ¸ ¥kha (eBook 45). The three categories represent the various agents of suffering. Respectfully they refer to harm due to biological causes (birth, sickness, ageing, death, mental affliction), suffering due to the cessation and impermanence of everything, and the guaranteed demise of all sentient beings. Together, these generate the understanding that as long as one is moving through saá ¹Æ'sÄ ra, whether reborn in any of the six realms of rebirth, they will be unable to find complete happiness or fulfillment during their lives (eBook 44). The second of the Four Arya Realties is the Truth of Arising. As the name hints, it explains that the cause of all suffering we experience arises from craving and negative desires. As there are variousShow MoreRelatedGautama Buddha1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe celebration of Wesak which is the annual ritual celebrating the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and death (parinirvana), provides an opportunity for adherents to reflect on the Buddha’s life and teaching. The Wesak festival is extremely important to the Buddhist adherent and the Buddhist community. The Wesak festival or Buddhas Day celebrates the birthday of Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who was to become Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.The Wesak festival is a time for devotion and rememberingRead MoreVajrayana Buddhism1221 Words   |  5 Pagesallows followers to receive such enlightenment through this vehicle of the lightning bolt. Those who practice this type of Buddhism find its complexities to be quite clear as the encounter truths of Buddha along the way of life events. Serenity and peace are experienced as they align themselves with revelations of Vajrayanan. What are mudras, and why are objects important? Why is meditation the very foundation to discovering the truths of Vajrayana, and Buddha’s influence. Allow the next few paragraphsRead MoreBuddha And The Buddha Of Buddha866 Words   |  4 Pagesan entire religion. Siddhartha Gautama who set out on this spiritual journ ey reached complete enlightenment. Upon reaching his awakening, he became the Buddha. Over the course of the next few centuries, the religion grew and spread through many regions. The spread of Buddhism led to many representations of the Buddha. Although representations vary, the ultimate goal remains the same - complete enlightenment. †¨ The first image, the footprints of Buddha, that originated in northwestern India may haveRead MoreThe Buddha, The Dharma, And The Sangha873 Words   |  4 PagesJewels†: the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. Through these elements, followers practice meditation and self-control in order to reach the state of enlightenment, or nirvana. The religion was pioneered by The Buddha, whose last reincarnation was named Siddhartha in Nepal around 600 B.C.E. He was a human who transcended to a state of enlightenment, understanding and practicing the three elements of Buddhism. Unlike the main figure in many other world religions, Buddha did not deem himself God orRead MoreBuddhism Breaks Apart Essay example1402 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism Breaks Apart Buddhism is the religion of spiritual enlightenment through the suppressing of one’s worldly desires. Buddhism takes one on the path of a spiritual journey, to become one with their soul. It teaches one how to comprehend life’s mysteries, and to cope with them. Founded in 525 B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama; Theravada Buddhism is the first branch of Buddhism; it was a flourishing religion in India before the invasions by the Huns and the Muslims, and Mahayana Buddhism formedRead MoreThe More Conservative Side Of The Two Major Branches Of Buddhism1507 Words   |  7 Pageswhich contains Buddha’s earliest surviving teachings. This religion is taught, and spoken in Pali which is the dialect of Indi-Aryan which is from India in Buddha’s time. 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And this would be the story of the lastRead MoreThe Brahmin’s Son Essay example1570 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis: The Brahmin’s Son Despite his solid spiritual upbringing among the Brahmins, Siddhartha still seeks the meaning of life, and he embarks on a quest to find enlightenment. Brahmins are members of the highest of the four interdependent groups, called castes, that make up Hindu society. Members of the Brahmin caste were originally priests with the primary duty of mediating with and praying to gods, and they were respected for their intellect and their knowledge of the Vedas, the sacred HinduRead MoreReligion: Gender Inequality1395 Words   |  6 Pagesreligion but through cultural influence and social manipulation. The essence of Buddhism originated from a human being (known as Buddha). And Buddha is the one who achieved the highest enlightenment. Often in Buddhism concept, there was confusion about how much devotion is required to achieve the great â€Å"Enlightenment† for monk or nun. Women in the Buddhism face much more challenges to become enlightened. Throughout the essay, I will be focusin g on how in Buddhist woman needs to be reborn as a manRead MoreWorld Religion Studies of Siddhartha or the Buddha1344 Words   |  5 PagesBefore heading on the path to enlightenment, Siddhartha or the Buddha, came across four sights that changed his thinking. The first sight he road upon was an old, homeless man who signified that flesh is not eternal and age; the second sight ties into the first, because the next day Siddhartha encounters a human body deteriorating from disease, lying on the side of the road. He was quickly discovering that the physical body could not avoid the nature of life and was exposed to the real world. The

Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Question: Discuss about the Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Answer: Introduction Psychological disorders are classified in several categories, based on the signs and symptoms of the disorder. Assessment is a crucial part for diagnosing the appropriate psychological disorder (Hasin et al. 2013, p. 26). A psychologist, working in a hospital with a multidisciplinary mental and allied health team should have proper skills and competence for recognizing the disorder correctly. In this assignment, the focus is a 33 years old female, Yvette, who is the experiencing alcoholism, which in turn has give rise to anxiety disorders. In this context, she has represented an anxious state and severe headaches. Though she has no medical issues and tried to quit alcohol use more than one time, but found it difficult. Thus, she is seeking assistance from a psychologist. From her previous history, it has been revealed that she did not have any other addition in current status, except alcoholism. Moreover, the anxiety symptoms are not only due to her alcoholism disorder, rather, she h as a family history of anxiety disorder and it embarrasses her, which in turn leads to stress. Now, in this assignment, the focus will be demonstrating the etiology of the disorder, proper diagnosis of the disorder, assessment and intervention plan along with a relapse prevention plan for the patient Yvette. Etiology Yvette is suffering from alcoholism. Her addiction towards alcohol consumption is increasing day by day and she stated that not a single day she can spend without consuming alcohol. She seeks support from the psychologist to reduce her addiction. The disorder usually develops gradually over time and predisposed by family histories (Hasin et al. 2012, p 30). One commonly known cause for alcoholism is anxiety or depression symptoms. In the case study, Yvette has depicted that his father had anxiety disorder and was alcoholic since he was 25 years. Thus, it can be interpreted that family history of alcoholism is a significant cause and predisposing factor for her psychological condition. On the other hand, evidences highlighted that depression and anxiety are causes of alcoholism. Moreover, work related issues are the cause of her anxious symptoms. Predisposing factors are the factors inherited in the person, leading to a health issue. In Yvettes case, heredity and anxiety are two predisposing factors for developing alcoholism. Her father was addicted towards alcohol, which was a predisposing factor (Klimas et al. 2013, p.1). Precipitating factors trigger the predisposition. In yvettes case, her partners regular alcohol consumption is the precipitation factor that triggers her tendency of consuming alcohol regularly. It is evident from the case study that Yvette used to consume alcohol on weekend, but her boyfriends regular alcohol consumption triggered her predisposition. Her anxiety symptoms, panic attacks are making her more anxious day by day, she does not want to be more anxious, but she is not able to control her symptoms, which makes her want to drink even more. She is busy in her work and unable to meet her dear ones, which is another factor that maintains her tendency to drink more. In addition, she revealed that she have three months left for her contract work, which enhances her stress and maintaining the symptoms (Vasconcelos et al. 2014, p. 115). Diagnosis Mental disorders are diagnosed with the help of Diaagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, the fifth addition; DMS-V is currently in use. It helps the mental health providers to make proper diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and other psychological disorders. According to the criteria of DMS-V, Yvette is suffering from substance abuse disorder instead of generalized anxiety disorder. Followings criteria of substance abuse, according to DMS-V are the evidences for Yvettes diagnosis: The person will consume more alcohol than originally planned. Yvette used to consume once in a weekend and currently she is unable to spend a single day without consuming alcohol. The person will worry about stopping or consistently failed efforts to control abuse (Carroll 2014, p. 127). In the case of Yvette, she tried to quit alcohol consumption, once or twice since she started to drink 3 years ago; she was not able to control her drinking, instead of her significant efforts to stop drinking. Substance abuse will result in failure of fulfilling major role obligations. Yvette has revealed that her partner does not have problems like her, instead of consuming alcohol regularly. The patient will continue using the substance instead of having health problems caused by it. In Yvette case, she was panicking about severe headache, presented anxious state and previously experienced black outs on excessive drinking, but still cannot control it. The person will continue to use the substance instead of having negative effects on relationship. Yvette stated that she is no longer visiting her parents home, as she thinks her parents do not like to have someone as anxious as her (Hasin et al. 2013, p. 26). She has also experienced withdrawal symptom, i.e. anxiety and built up tolerance to alcohol. Assessment plan There are several tools and instruments for assessing substance abuse appropriate for their needs. Using the appropriate assessment tool is important for identifying the exact disorder and the stage of disorder. There are several assessment tools like AUDIT, SBIRT, NIDAMED, CAGE AID and others. The AUDIT tool, i.e. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test is a 10-item questionnaire used for screening or assessing the hazardous alcohol consumption. The tool instrument was developed by WHO. It is a 10-tem questionnaire, which tests 95% correctly, whether a person is alcoholic or non-alcoholic. As it is suitable to be used in primary care settings and used for a range of populations and cultural groups, it would be suitable to be used for Yvette. This assessment has 10 questions and takes only 5 minutes for the assessment. For women, positive score is 4 (Samhsa.gov 2016). The information which will be collected through this assessment tool includes the frequency of alcohol consumption p er day, information regarding patients attempt for cutting down the use, history of failure, patients feelings regarding drinking, violence related to abuse and health issues regarding alcohol abuse. The questionnaire is provided in appendix. It will help to identify Yvettes status, whether she is alcoholic or not. Analyzing the question, it can be interpreted that Yvettes will score more than 4, indicating her experience of alcoholism (Kelly, Daley Douaihy, 2012). Based on the results, intervention plan would be established. In the assessment plan multidisciplinary team would be involved for instance the registered nurse and GP would be required for evaluating he physical health status. Intervention plan In case of Yvette, alcohol use disorder has been occurred with other mental health issue, like anxiety disorder. Thus, psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy or the combination of both would be required for improving Yvettes status. Several previous literatures have proved the successful outcomes of combined therapy including psychotherapy along with medication for reducing anxiety symptoms. This treatment is known as medication assisted treatment (MAT) (Uchtenhagen et al., 2015, p. 1390). The intervention would be planned on the basis of CBT-based integrated approach to alcoholism treatment; Yvette is a patient with a comorbid anxiety disorder. At the initial step, detoxification or withdrawal would be done. As Yvette has reported to the hospital, she would be administered with sedating medication for preventing withdrawal symptoms. Based on the screening and assessment outcomes, a treatment plan would be established by setting priority goals for Yvette. The psychological counselling would be the next step of the intervention plan. Yvette would undergo a 3 months psychological counselling for a supportive recovery (Bowen et al., 2014, p. 555). Through the sessions, she would be discussed about her symptoms and the coping strategies. The counsellor would help her to adopt the coping mechanisms. The treatment plan would include psychoeducation through the counselling sessions. The psychoeducation would include explanation of biopsychological model of anxiety disorder, alcohol use disorder and their interaction. On this education platform the next phase of treatment would be established. After providing sufficient information, Yvette would be taught about a standard paced diaphragmatic breathing exercise for minimizing hyperventilation associated with anxiety disorder (americanaddictioncenters.org, 2016). In the next phase, cognitive restructuring, Yvette would be taught about thinking patterns contributing to the anxiety and panic symptoms. She will also be taught about the ways of recognizing and restructuring the cognitions promoting alcohol use, which will in turn assist in coping with anxiety (Kane et al. 2014, p. 127). Here expert CBT skills would be required by the psychologist to help the patient in cognitive restructuring exercise. The final step is cue exposure that involves systematic therapist-guided exposure to sensations and panic attacks, aiming to decouple these from anxiety-inducing thoughts related to catastrophic outcomes. It will help Yvette to allow her in practicing new anxiety management skills and increasing her sense regarding successful coping in panicked situation, through enhancing her self-efficacy. Simultaneously mild anti-anxiety drug will be administered. Relapse prevention plan Relapse prevention plan is crucial for patients experiencing substance abuse, as it is very important to maintain the impact of interventions for longer period. A key to an effective addiction relapse plan is to determine what types of activities, habits and connections will be replaced previously associated with substance abuse. Three factors are required for Yvettes relapse prevention plan, these are managing triggers, providing a strong support system with family, friends and professionals and developing readiness, preventing a momentary slip into a return to alcohol abuse. Initially, stabilization is very important, as this plan might not work unless relapser is sober and in control of Yvette. Detoxification would be needed for making the plan to work (Spanagel Vengeliene, 2012). Initially, the psychiatrist should go slow and focus on the basic needs. In the nest step assessment would be designed for recognizing the pattern of recurrent of symptoms that are associated with previ ous relapse and to reduce pain related to these problems. Reviewing her life history would help the care provider to reconstruct recovery and relapse history. Since the first attempt at sobriety, every period of abstinence and substance use would be monitored crucially, this in turn set the stage for relapse. It will be difficult if Yvette starts drinking and resist talking about these things during the abstinence period. To reduce the chance of these things, relapse education will be provided to Yvette, which will include the process of relapse, chemical dependence and triggers, negative consequences of feeling embarrassed to reveal relapse. Relapse prevention therapy can be helpful for her, as it help to teach the patient about recognizing and managing warning signs (Witkiewitz Bowen, 2010). For instance, for Yvette, job related stress is a warning sign, which may trigger relapse of her symptoms. Involving her family, like her partner, best friend and partner will help her to be felt valued, thereby reducing her stress and anxiety related symptoms, which in turn will reduce the chance of alcohol use relapse. Conclusion In this assignment, from a psychologists perspective, the present scenario of 33 years old woman Yvette has been explored. According to the case study of Yvette, she was experiencing alcohol use symptoms along with anxiety disorder. The etiology, predisposing, precipitating and maintaining factors has been identified, which in turn helped in selecting appropriate diagnosis tool. The diagnosis has been done according to DMS-V diagnostic criteria. Then assessment plan was established for recognizing the current disorder of the patient, from the assessment, her alcoholism status was revealed, based on which the plan of the focused intervention has been developed, concerning all the factors associated with Yvettes health. Finally, the relapse prevention plan has been developed in accordance with her current recovery status and other factors presented by the patient. This plan will help to reduce recurrence of her anxiety and alcohol use symptoms, thereby assisting the patient to get back to her normal life. Reference List americanaddictioncenters.org,. (2016). Treating Addiction with Anxiety Disorders. American Addiction Centers. Retrieved 28 December 2016, from https://americanaddictioncenters.org/anxiety-and-addiction/ Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Clifasefi, S. L., Grow, J., Chawla, N., Hsu, S. H., ... Larimer, M. E. (2014). Relative efficacy of mindfulness-based relapse prevention, standard relapse prevention, and treatment as usual for substance use disorders: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 71(5), 547-556. Carroll, K. M. (2014). Computerized CognitiveBehavioral Therapy. Alcohol research: current reviews, 36(1), 127. Hasin, D. S., Fenton, M. C., Beseler, C., Park, J. Y., Wall, M. M. (2012). Analyses related to the development of DSM-5 criteria for substance use related disorders: 2. Proposed DSM-5 criteria for alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and heroin disorders in 663 substance abuse patients. Drug and alcohol dependence, 122(1), 28-37. Hasin, D. S., OBrien, C. P., Auriacombe, M., Borges, G., Bucholz, K., Budney, A., ... Schuckit, M. (2013). DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: recommendations and rationale. American Journal of Psychiatry. 128(2), 25-29 Kane, I., Mitchell, A. M., Puskar, K. R., Hagle, H., Talcott, K., Fioravanti, M., ... Lindsay, D. (2014). Identifying at risk individuals for drug and alcohol dependence: teaching the competency to students in classroom and clinical settings. Nurse educator, 39(3), 126-134. Kelly, T. M., Daley, D. C., Douaihy, A. B. (2012). Treatment of substance abusing patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Addictive behaviors, 37(1), 11-24. Klimas, J., Field, C. A., Cullen, W., OGorman, C. S., Glynn, L. G., Keenan, E., ... Dunne, C. (2013). Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users: Cochrane Review a. Systematic reviews, 2(1), 1. Samhsa.gov,. (2016). Treatments for Substance Use Disorders | SAMHSA. Samhsa.gov. Retrieved 28 December 2016, from https://www.samhsa.gov/treatment/substance-use-disorders Spanagel, R., Vengeliene, V. (2012). New pharmacological treatment strategies for relapse prevention. In Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction (pp. 583-609). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Uchtenhagen, A. (2015). Monitoring and Evaluation of Addiction Treatment. Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives, 1387-1403. Vasconcelos, S. C., Teixeira, R. V., de Amorim Neto, P. D., da Costa Lima, M. D., Ramos, V. P., da Silva Frazo, I., de Souza Cavalcanti, A. M. T. (2014). Comorbid psychiatric in drug users: Integrative Review on Dual Diagnosis. American Journal of Nursing Science, 3, 110-116. Witkiewitz, K., Bowen, S. (2010). Depression, craving, and substance use following a randomized trial of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(3), 362.